WASSCE SOLUTION

A business is an organisation set up to carry on some form of economic activity for profit. A business may be owned by one person or may be a partnership, co-operative, or corporation. In a more general sense, business is a broad term covering commerce and trade, (which is the buying of and transportation of goods), industry (the production of goods and the provision of services), and banking and finance. In industry , materials are extracted or converted into finished and semi-finished product. Trade is the process of buying and selling of commodities.  Commerce relates to financial, transport, unsuring and other allied activities. CHARACERISTICS OF BUSINESS It is a human activity directed towards the acquisition on wealth.  It means exchange of goods services undertaken continually or recurrently.  It consists of dealing in goods and services.  The activities are directly concerned with the transfer or exchange of goods and services of value.  The element of risk goes with the profi...

Narrative techniques in Literature in English POINT OF VIEW/ NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES     Narrative technique in Literature refers to the ways and patterns the writer use to get his message across. It's the ability the author exerts inorder to narrate his work. In Literature, there are three types of narrative techniques. These are: first person narrative technique, third person narrative technique, and the omniscient narrative technique.  WHAT IS DRAMA AND THE TYPES OF DRAMA?      First person narrative technique:   Here the author of the story uses this technique to show his inclusion in the story been written. This technique shows that the author is a part of the story or is also a character in the literary piece. He makes use of first person personal pronouns; I, We, Me, Myself, Us in the narrative. Most remarkable work of arts that uses this technique include autobiographical works, memiors etc.  CHARACTERIZATION AND TYPES OF CHARACTERS IN LITERATURE.    Third person narrative tec...

WHAT IS DRAMA IN LITERATURE?  Drama is a form of Literature that is meant to be acted on stage. It's a genre of Literature that should be performed, and thus has a conversational structure. In drama there are casts; these are the animals or people that make up the play. Examples of remarkable dramas are: Othello, by William Shakespeare; The Harvest of Corruption, Frank Ogodo Obeche; The Lion and the Jewel, Wole Soyinka. TYPES Of DRAMA COMEDY It is a type of drama that has a happy ending. It mostly begins wit a sorrowful note but ends happily or on a happy note. It is aimed at correcting the excesses of some individuals through the comic scenes. It also treats serious issues in a trivial manner. A good example is Look Back in Anger by John Osborne. TRAGEDY Tragedy, as a form of drama, is a work of art that starts happily but ends sorrowfully. It's sorrowful end mostly comes as a result of the characters' (or one of the character's) flaw or mistake. This mistake ...

CHARACTERIZATION IN LITERATURE IN ENGLISH  In Drama, characters can be categorized into types and classes: TYPES OF CHARACTERS FLAT OR STATIC CHARACTERS: These are characters whose lives change a little or not at all in the course of a play. They see things as they occur but these happenings have no physical, mental or emotional impact on them. They remain consistent till the end of the play, they don't change in height, status, effect etc. in the play.  ROUND OR DYNAMIC CHARACTERS:  These are characters who change completely as the events in the text change. These changes would have physical and mental effects on them. They don't remain consistent till the end of the play. Something triggers them to change during the course of the play.    CLASSES OF CHARACTERS    MANOR CHARACTERS   These are characters major impacts are greatly felt in the course of the play. In other words, they have intrinsic effect on the substance of the play. Their abs...

MAJOR THEMES IN THE PLAY THE LION AND THE JEWEL" Tradition vs. Modernization One of the biggest themes in the play is that of tradition versus modernization. The characters all react to each other in relation to this central theme. Modernity, or the modernization of village life, is something that Bale Baroka has been fighting against for some time. The Bale sees progress as an encroachment upon his traditional role as village leader. He scoffs, for instance, at the fact that his workers have joined a union and now demand time off. He gives in to this modern notion, though he dislikes it. Baroka also tricks men from the outside world into not building a railroad line through Ilujinle. Lakunle laments the fact that this railroad line would have brought Ilujinle into modern times, thus securing it a place in the progressive world. Lakunle is an example of a village inhabitant who desires change. He has adopted the clothing of Westerners and their ideals for modernity. Lakunle is mad...

MAIN CHARACTERS OF THE PLAY THE LION AND THE JEWEL BY WOLE SOYINKA. BAROKA Baroka –the "Bale" of ILUJINLE and the "Lion" in the title of the play – is the leader of the village. He is steeped firmly in Yoruba traditions, customs, and beliefs. He is very cunning, often referred to as a fox, and is prepared to use bribery, trickery, decite, and other corrupt practices to get what he wants. His main past time is satisfying his sexual pleasure by ever expanding his harem of wives and concubines. He is sixty-two years old, wiry, and sports a goatee. His eyes are very small and always red with wine. He has many wives and, even at his age, shows no sign of slowing down, having taken his last wife five months earlier. He has seen the magazine with the pictures of Sidi and targets her as his next wife. MAJOR THEMES IN THE PLAY "THE LION AND THE JEWEL" BY WOLE SOYINKA SIDI Sidi –the village belle– and the "Jewel" in the title, is a very young and beautiful...

ABOUT THE AUTHOR Wole Soyinka was born, Akinwande Oluwole "Wole" Babatunde Soyinka on July 13, 1934 in Western Nigeria. His father, Samuel Ayodele Soyinka, was a prominent Anglican Minister and head master and his mother, Grace Eniola Soyinka, a shop keeper and local activist. In 1954 after preparatory University studies at Government college in Ibadan, Soyinka went to the University of Leeds, from where he graduated in 1958 with a Bachelor's degree in English Literature. Soyinka wrote the book The Lion and the Jewel during his time in London. He became the first African to the Noble Prize for Literature in 1986.

THEMES OF THE PLAY THE LION AND THE JEWEL BY WOLE AKINWANDE BABATUNDE SOYINKA The main theme of the Lion and the Jewel is the method the Lion (Bale Baroka) uses to hunt the Jewel (Sidi). It is a strategy based on deceit and stealth. Secondary themes are: Advancing modernization versus traditional customs and beliefs; and marginalization and abuse of women. The play's theme refers to its central idea. It is the philosophy that forms the basis of the story and usually provides a moral lesson for the characters and conveys a message to the audience. One of the underlying theme of the drama is the marginalization and abuse of women and their being viewed as intellectually inferior to men. The traditional customs and beliefs are so deeply ingrained that the women of Ilujinle themselves seem quite comfortable with being treated as mere property that can be bought. Sidi thought that her bride price should be reflective of her beauty and celebrity status. Women are seen primarily as sex ob...

How to Analyze A Poem Read through at least twice.You will have to read a poem multiple times before even attempting to approach it for deeper meanings. Give yourself a chance to thoroughly and fully experience the poem. Is there a title? Don’t forget to take this into consideration. Readers often skip over a poem’s title, which may contain important clues for understanding the piece. Often the title is an introduction that can guide you; for example, Langston Hughes’ “Mother to Son” immediately lets you know who the speaker of the poem is and to whom she is speaking.  Stay calm! If there are any unfamiliar words or even a few foreign terms, don’t panic and don’t obsess. On your first read through, just let them go and try instead to focus on the larger meaning of the poem. On the second and subsequent passes, you should then look up those troublesome words or anything else that is problematic for you. Read it aloud. Yes. You must do this. Poems are meant to be heard. Often you will fi...

ANSWERING QUESTIONS ABOUT UNSEEN POETRY In the objective section of the Literature–in–English paper, you will be required to answer questions on UNSEEN POETRY. 'Unseen' means not likely to be seen or read. This also means that the exerminers presume that you likely may not have read it anywhere. So you will need to work them ( the poems) yourself and be able to answer the objective questions that follow them. BASIC THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN WRITING ABOUT UNSEEN POETRY To properly answer questions on unseen poetry you will have to consider the following points.   THE CONTENT OF THE POEM Don't worry because to get this is very simple. Ask yourself about the reason why the poet wrote the poem. You can also look critically at the poem and think about the distinctive images (picture in words) that exist in the poem. Some poems have the images of nature, death, smell, etc. Try to relate the images to what you find as the content of the poem. Do not get baffled because you have a gu...

THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN WRITING AN ESSAY ON A TEXT. Text in this context means either a prose or a drama as a genre of Literature. One should be extra-careful when writing about such in an exam or test, inorder to pass the Literature-in-English exam.  Though it will be a dividend to be able to solve any problem with these guiding steps, however our primary concern here is how to answer questions on these (drama and prose) on your West African Senior Schools Certificate Examination (WASSCE)  COMPLETE LIST OF FREQUENTLY USED IDIOMS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE  WHAT ARE THE KEY THINGS TO CONSIDER?  1. CONSIDER THE OPENING PARAGRAPH  The first thing to consider is whether your opening paragraph addresses the topic of the question and says something specific about it, indicating the kind of ground that will be covered on the reminder of the essay. This is apparently true! Your opening paragraph should tell the examiner that you know what you are talking about and are able to give enough evidence fo...

ENGLISH IDIOMS AND PHRASES || IDIOMS, PHRASES|| MEANING AND EXAMPLES.  Idiom: Once and for All  Means: Finally, absolutely   Examples: - My daughter told her boyfriend once and for all that she wouldn t date   him anymore.   - Once and for all, john has quit smoking cigarettes. To come to:  Means: To regain consciousness; to equal, to amount to   Examples: - At first they thought that the man was dead, but soon he came to.   - The bill for groceries at the supermarket came to fifty dollars. To take into account:  Means: To consider a fact while evaluating a situation (S)   Again, a noun or pronoun often follows the verb take.   Examples: - The judge took the prisoner s young age into account before sentencing   him to three months in jail.   - Educators should take into account the cultural backgrounds of   students when planning a school curriculum. - To turn out:  Means: To become or result; to appear, to attend (also: to come out)   The noun form turnout derives from the second defi...